Date: Mon, 06 Jun 94 13:03:17 EST
Errors-To: Comp-privacy Error Handler <owner-comp-privacy@uwm.edu>
From: Computer Privacy Digest Moderator <comp-privacy@uwm.edu>
To: Comp-privacy@uwm.edu
Subject: Computer Privacy Digest V4#074
Computer Privacy Digest Mon, 06 Jun 94 Volume 4 : Issue: 074
Today's Topics: Moderator: Leonard P. Levine
Privacy Through Foreign Investing (long)
The Computer Privacy Digest is a forum for discussion on the effect
of technology on privacy. The digest is moderated and gatewayed into
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[129.139.160.133].
----------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Vincent.Cate@FURMINT.NECTAR.CS.CMU.EDU
Date: 5 Jun 94 00:42:47 EDT
Subject: Privacy Through Foreign Investing (long)
Organization: Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA
Privacy and security are particularly important in banking. Many
countries are very interested in protecting privacy and have laws to do
so. For example, many countries will put a banker in jail if he gives
out information about a client or an account. The United States is not
so interested in privacy, and does not have such laws. In the US,
random people can easily get a copy of your credit history. People
really interested in privacy must use banks in other countries.
Encryption and email have the potential to help with banking privacy.
Soon it will be possible to have private communication with a bank from
anywhere in the world for the low cost of an email message.
Books for those interested in bank privacy:
Tax Havens
Hoyt L. Barber
McGraw-Hill, 1993
ISBN 0-07-003659-4
About $22 from local bookstore.
Personal Privacy Through Foreign Investing
Trent Sands
Loompanics Unlimited, 1993
ISBN 1-55950-098-0
Order for $10 from Loompanics at (206) 385-2230 (order number 10059)
Loompanics is on the net now as loompanx@pt.olympus.net but they
do not yet take email orders.
Tax havens
A. Ginsberg
Butterworths, Durban, 1990
David Chaum's company "DigiCash" in Netherlands:
http://digicash.support.nl
ftp://furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/security/digicash
>grep -i bank /alex/ch/switch/nic/registry/CH.domains
BIRAG.CH Banken- und Industrie-Rechenzentrum AG, Guemligen
DSK.CH Datenbank Schweizerischer Kulturgueter, Bern
SBC.CH Schweizerischer Bankverein, Basel
UBS.ARCOM.CH Union Bank Switzerland, Zuerich
ZKB.CH Zuercher Kantonalbank, Zuerich
GREENNET.CH Swiss Volksbank, Bern
SBCCH.CH Swiss Bank Corporation, Basel
So, there are Swiss banks on the Internet. We can update
/alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/swiss.banks
with a few Internet domains. See below.
The Netherland's 2nd largest bank, the Rabobank, is on the net as "rabo.nl".
The following might also be interesting:
koan.worldbank.org
swissbank.swissbank.com
If I run "whois" on Panama, Antigua, Grenada or the Cook Islands (a few
tax havens) I get something interesting. The output of these is at the
bottom of this file.
People interested in encryption and Cypherpunk things in general should
also check out:
ftp://furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/security/README.html
I will keep a current copy of this file available as:
ftp://furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/security/banks
If people send me other interesting and related info, I will add it to
this file. Note that U.S. courts have ruled that you can not have a
copyright on a phone book, so it should be ok to type in bank phone
numbers from books (this is only a small part of the books anyway, and
will probably help sales as long as we say which book).
Anyone is welcome to copy this file, post this, etc.
-- Vince
vac@cs.cmu.edu
CAYMAN ISLAND BANKS (from page 118 of "Tax Havens" by Hoyt L. Barber):
Midland Bank Trust Corporation (Cayman) Limited
P.O. Box 1109
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-7755
Fax: (809) 949-7634
Finsbury Bank and Trust Company
Transnational House
West Bay Road
P.O. Box 1592
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 947-4011
Offers debit Gold Mastercard - works in cash machines etc. worldwide.
Bank of Nova Scotia
P.O. Box 689
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-7666
First Cayman Bank Ltd.
P.O. Box 1113
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-5266
Fax: (809) 949-5398
Min of $50 to open an account.
Barclays Bank PLC
P.O. Box 68
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-7300
CIBC Bank and Trust Company (Cayman) Ltd.
P.O. Box 695
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-2366
Cayman National Bank and Trust Co.
P.O. Box 1097
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-4655
Royal Bank of Canada
P.O. Box 245
Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-4600
Cititrust (Cayman) Ltd.
P.O. Box 309
George Town, Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-5405
Canadian Imperial Bank, Ltd.
P.O. Box 695
George Town, Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-2366
Chase Manhattan Trust Ltd.
P.O. Box 190
George Town, Grand Cayman, BWI
Tel: (809) 949-2081
**********************************
Update of /alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/swiss.banks
**********************************
Zuercher Kantonalbank
Net: zkb.ch
Tel: 41 1 275 71 11
Addr: Neue Hard 9
8005 Zuerich, Switzerland
Union Bank of Switzerland
Net: ubs.arcom.ch
Adr: Bahnhofstrasse 45
8021 Zurich, Switzerland
Tel: 29-4411
Swiss Bank Corporation
Net: sbcch.ch
Tel: 23-2323
Addr: Aeschenborstadt 1
4002 Basel, Switzerland
Swiss Credit Bank
Paradeplatez 8
8021 Zurich, Switzerland
Telephone: 29-2811
Foreign Commerce BAnk
Dept 284
Bellariastrasse 82
8022 Zurich, Switzerland
Telephone: (01) 45.66.88
Foreign Commerce BAnk
Dept 42
3 Rue de Marche
CH-1211
Geneva 3 Rive, Switzerland
Telephone: (01) 21.42.33
Bank Indiana Suisse
Attn: F.C. Mishari
50 Ave. de La Gare
1001 Lausanne, Switzerland
Telephone: 20.47.41
Bank Leu
Postfach
8022 Zurich, Switzerland
Cambio & Valorenbank
Postfach 535
8021 Zurich, Switzerland
Ueberseebank, A. G.
Limmatquai 2
8024 Zurich, Switzerland
**********************************
This next section started from:
/alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/tax.havens
>Date: Wed Nov 24 21:21:06 1993
>From: Jim Hart <hart@chaos.bsu.edu> <hart/daemon>
>Subject: Tax Havens on the Net
>
>
>---------------------
>Tax Havens on the Net
>---------------------
>compiled by James R. Hart
>
>sources:
>Internet Connectivity List -- Larry Landweber, U.Wisc.
> ftp.cs.wisc.edu ../connectivity_table Version 9,
> August 1993
>Hoyt L. Barber, _Tax Havens_, McGraw-Hill 1993
But Vince has been updated it some 5/94.
**********************************
Codes used to indicate sites in each country with access to the Global
Multiprotocol Open Internet:
BITNET
b: minimal, one to five domestic BITNET sites
B: widespread, more than five domestic BITNET sites
IP INTERNET
I: = operational, accesible from entire IP Internet
i: = operational, not accesible via the NSFNET backbone
UUCP
u: minimal, one to five domestic UUCP sites
U: widespread, more than five domestic UUCP sites
FIDONET
f: minimal, one to five domestic FIDONET sites
F: widespread, more than five domestic FIDONET sites
OSI
o: minimal, one to five domestic X.400 sites
O: widespread, more than five domestic X.400 sites
------------------------
and without further ado:
------------------------
Aruba
net access: ---f-
languages: Papiamento, English, Dutch, Spanish
currency controls: none?
bank secrecy: moderate (numbered accounts not
permitted)
preferred legal entities: Aruba Exempt Company,
NV (Dutch legal tradition, bearer shares allowed)
taxes: no income tax on AEC or shareholders, no
witholding of any kind
tax treaties: none?
Austria
net access: BIOUFO
language: German
currency controls: ??
bank secrecy: good; numbered accounts available
preferred legal entities: limited liability company, stock
orporation
taxes: corporate tax. no bank interest tax. 20% divident
ax.
tax treaties: many, OECD model, primarily personal and
orporate income
contact: Price Waterhouse, Austria
Barbados
net access: --u--
language: English
currency controls: some (none for offshore banks &
nsurance)
preferred legal entities: company, public company,
offshore bank, exempt insurance
company, foreign sales corporation ,
international business company
taxes: income tax offshore banks and international
business companies 2.5%, exempt insurance
companies and foreign sales corporations none
tax treaties: double-tax treaties with 5 major countries (incl.
U.K. & U.S.)
Bermuda
net access: --Uf--
language: English
currency controls: none for nonresidents
bank secrecy: moderate
preferred legal entities:
local (conduct business in Bermuda, must be 60%
Bermuda owned),
exempt (only conducts business outside
Bermuda)
-- min. capitalization US$12,000
-- extensive background check on the
principles
taxes: no income, profit, sales, value added, witholding, or
capital gains taxes
tax treaties: no double-tax treaties. U.S. can be provided
with tax information concerning civil & criminal
tax cases
Belize
net access: --u-- BZ
language: English
Cayman Islands
net access: ----- KY
can have bearer shares
Cook Islands
net access: --u-- CK
taxes: none
can have bearer shares
Costa Rica
net access: bIuf-
language: Spanish
currency controls: only on local currency, applies only to
citizens or legal entities
bank secrecy: good
legal entities:
individual enterprise/limited liability
collective company
limited partnership
limited-liability company
stock corporation (aka chartered company): most
common
taxes: 15% on dividents for some nonresident
shareholders, moderate corporate
income, payroll, imort, real estate taxes.
Exporters exempt from most
taxes.
tax treaties: no double-tax treaties. Caribbean Basin
Initiative exchange-of-information
agreeement signed but not yet ratified (as of 1/93).
Grenada
net access: --u-- GD
Hong Kong
net access: BI-F-
languages: Cantonese, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entity: limited-liability corporation
(English common law Companies Ordinance)
taxes: 16.5% domestic source corporate income, 15%
domestic employment wages, 15% on domestic
property rental income
tax treaties: no double-tax agreements
n.b.: treaty to return Hong Kong to Communist China in
1997
Ireland
net access: BIUFO
language: English
currency controls: none?
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entity: noresident company (private
corporation w/limited liability,
must conduct operations outside Ireland)
taxes: only on Irish operations
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties
n.b.: those with Irish grandparents can obtain second
citizenship
Liechtenstein
net access: -I-f-
languages: German, Alemanni
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: excellent
preferred legal entities: allows any type found anywhere
in the world (!)
establishment (limited liability, unlimited duration)
company limited by shares
foundations and trusts
taxes: none for income outside Leichtenstein. Net worth
tax of 0.01% on capital and reserves (min. 1,000
Swiss francs), local resident taxes
tax treaties: not party directly or indirectly to any
exchange-of-information agreements
double-tax treaty exists only with Austria
n.b.: bankers won't assist law enforcement officials with
drug, fraud, theft, or tax investigations. They
might assist in money laundering and insider
trading investigations, informing the customer
first.
Luxembourg
net access: bIUFO
languages: Letzeburgesh, French, German, English
bank secrecy: moderate
preferred legal entity: holding company
taxes: holding companies pays only 10% registration fee
on issued shares and
0.20% annual capital tax on issued capital bonds.
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties
n.b.: EC member
Malta
net access: --u--
languages: Maltese, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: good
preferred legal entities: offshore notrading, trading,
banking (overseas, subsidiary, local), insurance, trusts
taxes: nontrading exempt, trading very low
tax treties: many double-tax treaties
n.b.: EC member
Netherlands
Net: The second largest duch bank, the Rabobank is on the net as rabo.nl
net access: BIUFO
language: Dutch
currency controls: ??
bank secrecy: poor/non-existant - all cash deposits above 20.000 guilders
will be reported to the authorities.
preferred legal entities: private or public NV (can have bearer shares)
public= NV, private= BV, you can also incorporate in Delaware [=Inc] or
use another overseas "model" as long as you register with the local
Chambers of Commerce. You then save 40.000 guilders in capital.
taxes: complex, high (many loopholes for large offshore companies)
a 40% corporate tax in profits till 250.000 guilders, the rest is
taxed at 35%. In the Netherlands it is possible to discuss a
prospective transaction with the tax authorities and obtian a ruling
wich will determine its tax treatment.
tax treaties: many
Netherlands Antilles
net access: --u--
domain: AN
Panama
net access: b-uFO
languages: Spanish, English
curency controls: none
bank secrecy: good; numbered accounts permissable
preferred legal entity: corporation
taxes: none on income generated outside Panama
tax treaties: only on shipping income
Singapore
net access: bIuF-
languages: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate; numbered accounts available
preferred legal entities: private limited company
taxes: none on dividends, foreign deposit interest, or
income derived from
outside Singapore.
tax treaties: many
Switzerland
net access: BIUFO
languages: French, German, Italian, Romansch
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate to good; numbered accounts
available
preferred legal entity: AG (stock company under Laws of
Obligation)
taxes: 3.6-9.8% worldwide income tax for operating
companies, 35%
witholding tax on interest and dividends
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties
Vanuata
net access: --u--
languages: Melanesian, French, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entities: holding, trading, agency, mgmt.
service, contracting
taxes: no income or capital gains taxes
tax treaties: none
Western Samoa
net access: --u--
languages: Samoan, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: good
preferred legal entities: international company, offshore
bank, insurance company
taxes: none for companies under offshore acts
tax treaties: none
If you like having this information, let me know. Also let me know
what other kinds of information you need on tax havens and net access;
I'd love to be of service. If you have corrections to or additional
information for the Tax Havens on the Net list, I'd be happy to add it
with full attribution (or full privacy, as you prefer). To preserve
your privacy, feel free to use anonymous remailers and encryption. My
PGP key enclosed below.
James R. Hart hart@chaos.bsu.edu
**********************************
whois on a number of interesting countries
**********************************
Panama (Republic of) top-level domain (PA3-DOM)
PANAMANIAN ACADEMIC NATIONAL NETWORK (PANNET)
UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DE PANAMA
P.O. BOX 6-2894
PANAMA 6A
Domain Name: PA
Domain Status: On Hold Pending Server Activation
Administrative Contact:
Lopez, Victor (VL7) VLOPEZ@NS.PA
(507) 64-1771
Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
Lezcano, Julio (JL78) JLEZCANO%UTPVM1.BITNET@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU
(507) 64-1771
Record last updated on 25-May-94.
Domain servers in listed order:
NS.PA 168.77.8.2
NS.USMA.PA 168.77.100.2
NS.CR 163.178.8.2
ICM1.ICP.NET 192.94.207.66
**********************************
Antigua and Barbuda top-level domain (AG-DOM1)
University of Puerto Rico
Central Administration Building
P.O. Box 364984G
San Juan P.R. 00936
Domain Name: AG
Administrative Contact:
Junquera, Belinda (BJ2) b_junquera@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
(809) 250-0000 ext. 5400 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
Ramos, Felix G. (FGR) f_ramos@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
(809) 250-0000 ext. 5454 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
Record last updated on 28-Apr-94.
Domain servers in listed order:
UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU 136.145.1.4
Top Level domain for Antigua
**********************************
Grenada (Republic of) top-level domain (GD1-DOM)
University of Puerto Rico
Central Administration Building
P.O. Box 364984G
San Juan P.R. 00936
Domain Name: GD
Administrative Contact:
Junquera, Belinda (BJ2) b_junquera@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
(809) 250-0000 ext. 5400 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
Ramos, Felix G. (FGR) f_ramos@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
(809) 250-0000 ext. 5454 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
Record last updated on 28-Apr-94.
Domain servers in listed order:
UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU 136.145.1.4
Top Level domain for the Republic of Grenada
**********************************
Cook Islands Network Information Center (CKNIC-DOM)
Reserved by Asia Pacific NIC
Domain Name: CKNIC.NET
Administrative Contact, Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) admin@apnic.net
+81-3-3580-3781 +81-3-3580-3784 (FAX) +81-3-3580-3782
Record last updated on 28-Feb-94.
**********************************
------------------------------
End of Computer Privacy Digest V4 #074
******************************
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