Date: Mon, 18 Sep 95 09:14:08 EST
Errors-To: Comp-privacy Error Handler <owner-comp-privacy@uwm.edu>
From: Computer Privacy Digest Moderator <comp-privacy@uwm.edu>
To: Comp-privacy@uwm.edu
Subject: Computer Privacy Digest V7#023
Computer Privacy Digest Mon, 18 Sep 95 Volume 7 : Issue: 023
Today's Topics: Moderator: Leonard P. Levine
Legality of Unsolicited Advertising Faxes
Info on CPD [unchanged since 08/01/95]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
From: "Prof. L. P. Levine" <levine@blatz.cs.uwm.edu>
Date: 17 Sep 1995 08:25:08 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Legality of Unsolicited Advertising Faxes
Organization: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
From: TJRB52A@prodigy.com (Larry Kizziah)
Date: 18 Aug 1995 05:44:30 GMT
Subject: Re: Legality of Unsolicited Advertising Faxes?
This just released from FTC.
List of Subjects of 16 CFR Part 310
Telemarketing, Trade practices.
Accordingly, the Commission amends Chapter I, Subchapter C of 16 CFR by
adding a new part 310 to read as follows:
PART 310: TELEMARKETING SALES RULE
Sec.
310.1 Scope of regulations in this part.
310.2 Definitions.
310.3 Deceptive telemarketing acts or practices.
310.4 Abusive telemarketing acts or practices.
310.5 Recordkeeping requirements.
310.6 Exemptions.
310.7 Actions by states and private persons.
310.8 Severability.
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 6101-6108.
' 310.1 Scope of regulations in this part.
This part implements the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse
Prevention Act, 15 U.S.C. 6101-6108.
' 310.2 Definitions.
(a) Acquirer means a business organization, financial institution, or an
agent of a business organization or financial institution that has
authority from an organization that operates or licenses a credit card
system to authorize merchants to accept, transmit, or process payment by
credit card through the credit card system for money, goods or services,
or anything else of value.
(b) Attorney general means the chief legal officer of a State.
(c) Cardholder means a person to whom a credit card is issued or who is
authorized to use a credit card on behalf of or in addition to the person
to whom the credit card is issued.
(d) Commission means the Federal Trade Commission.
(e) Credit means the right granted by a creditor to a debtor to defer
payment of debt or to incur debt and defer its payment.
(f) Credit card means any card, plate, coupon book, or other credit
device existing for the purpose of obtaining money, property, labor, or
services on credit.
(g) Credit card sales draft means any record or evidence of a credit
card transaction.
(h) Credit card system means any method or procedure used to process
credit card transactions involving credit cards issued or licensed by the
operator of that system.
(i) Customer means any person who is or may be required to pay for goods
or services offered through telemarketing.
(j) Investment opportunity means anything, tangible or intangible, that
is offered, offered for sale, sold, or traded based wholly or in part on
representations, either express or implied, about past, present, or
future income, profit, or appreciation.
(k) Material means likely to affect a person's choice of, or conduct
regarding, goods or services.
(l) Merchant means a person who is authorized under a written contract
with an acquirer to honor or accept credit cards, or to transmit or
process for payment credit card payments, for the purchase of goods or
services.
(m) Merchant agreement means a written contract between a merchant and
an acquirer to honor or accept credit cards, or to transmit or process
for payment credit card payments, for the purchase of goods or services.
(n) Outbound telephone call means a telephone call initiated by a
telemarketer to induce the purchase of goods or services.
(o) Person means any individual, group, unincorporated association,
limited or general partnership, corporation, or other business entity.
(p) Prize means anything offered, or purportedly offered, and given, or
purportedly given, to a person by chance. For purposes of this definition,
chance exists if a person is guaranteed to receive an item and, at the
time of the offer or purported offer, the telemarketer does not identify
the specific item that the person will receive.
(q) Prize promotion means:
(1) A sweepstakes or other game of chance; or
(2) An oral or written express or implied representation that a person
has won, has been selected to receive, or may be eligible to receive a
prize or purported prize.
(r) Seller means any person who, in connection with a telemarketing
transaction, provides, offers to provide, or arranges for others to
provide goods or services to the customer in exchange for consideration.
(s) State means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or
possession of the United States.
(t) Telemarketer means any person who, in connection with telemarketing,
initiates or receives telephone calls to or from a customer.
(u) Telemarketing means a plan, program, or campaign which is conducted
to induce the purchase of goods or services by use of one or more
telephones and which involves more than one interstate telephone call.
The term does not include the solicitation of sales through the mailing
of a catalog which: contains a written description or illustration of the
goods or services offered for sale; includes the business address of the
seller; includes multiple pages of written material or illustrations; and
has been issued not less frequently than once a year, when the person
making the solicitation does not solicit customers by telephone but only
receives calls initiated by customers in response to the catalog and
during those calls takes orders only without further solicitation. For
purposes of the previous sentence, the term "further solicitation" does
not include providing the customer with information about, or attempting
to sell, any other item included in the same catalog which prompted the
customer's call or in a substantially similar catalog.
' 310.3 Deceptive telemarketing acts or practices.
(a) Prohibited deceptive telemarketing acts or practices. It is a
deceptive telemarketing act or practice and a violation of this Rule for
any seller or telemarketer to engage in the following conduct:
(1) Before a customer pays[1] for goods or services offered, failing to
disclose, in a clear and conspicuous manner, the following material
information:
(i) The total costs to purchase, receive, or use, and the quantity of,
any goods or services that are the subject of the sales offer;[2]
(ii) All material restrictions, limitations, or conditions to purchase,
receive, or use the goods or services that are the subject of the sales
offer;
(iii) If the seller has a policy of not making refunds, cancellations,
exchanges, or repurchases, a statement informing the customer that this
is the seller's policy; or, if the seller or telemarketer makes a
representation about a refund, cancellation, exchange, or repurchase
policy, a statement of all material terms and conditions of such policy;
(iv) In any prize promotion, the odds of being able to receive the prize,
and if the odds are not calculable in advance, the factors used in
calculating the odds; that no purchase or payment is required to win a
prize or to participate in a prize promotion; and the no purchase/no
payment method of participating in the prize promotion with either
instructions on how to participate or an address or local or toll-free
telephone number to which customers may write or call for information on
how to participate; and
(v) All material costs or conditions to receive or redeem a prize that
is the subject of the prize promotion;
(2) Misrepresenting, directly or by implication, any of the following
material information:
(i) The total costs to purchase, receive, or use, and the quantity of,
any goods or services that are the subject of a sales offer;
(ii) Any material restriction, limitation, or condition to purchase,
receive, or use goods or services that are the subject of a sales offer;
(iii) Any material aspect of the performance, efficacy, nature, or
central characteristics of goods or services that are the subject of a
sales offer;
(iv) Any material aspect of the nature or terms of the seller's refund,
cancellation, exchange, or repurchase policies;
(v) Any material aspect of a prize promotion including, but not limited
to, the odds of being able to receive a prize, the nature or value of a
prize, or that a purchase or payment is required to win a prize or to
participate in a prize promotion;
(vi) Any material aspect of an investment opportunity including, but not
limited to, risk, liquidity, earnings potential, or profitability; or
(vii) A seller's or telemarketer's affiliation with, or endorsement by,
any government or third-party organization;
(3) Obtaining or submitting for payment a check, draft, or other form of
negotiable paper drawn on a person's checking, savings, share, or similar
account, without that person's express verifiable authorization. Such
authorization shall be deemed verifiable if any of the following means
are employed:
(i) Express written authorization by the customer, which may include the
customer's signature on the negotiable instrument; or
(ii) Express oral authorization which is tape recorded and made
available upon request to the customer's bank and which evidences clearly
both the customer's authorization of payment for the goods and services
that are the subject of the sales offer and the customer's receipt of all
of the following information:
(A) The date of the draft(s);
(B) The amount of the draft(s);
(C) The payor's name;
(D) The number of draft payments (if more than one);
(E) A telephone number for customer inquiry that is answered during
normal business hours; and
(F) The date of the customer's oral authorization; or
(iii) Written confirmation of the transaction, sent to the customer
prior to submission for payment of the customer's check, draft, or other
form of negotiable paper, that includes:
(A) All of the information contained in ' 310.3(a)(3)(ii)(A)-(F); and
(B) The procedures by which the customer can obtain a refund from the
seller or telemarketer in the event the confirmation is inaccurate; and
(4) Making a false or misleading statement to induce any person to pay
for goods or services.
(b) Assisting and facilitating. It is a deceptive telemarketing act or
practice and a violation of this Rule for a person to provide substantial
assistance or support to any seller or telemarketer when that person
knows or consciously avoids knowing that the seller or telemarketer is
engaged in any act or practice that violates ' 310.3(a) or (c), or ' 310.
4 of this Rule.
(c) Credit card laundering. Except as expressly permitted by the
applicable credit card system, it is a deceptive telemarketing act or
practice and a violation of this Rule for:
(1) A merchant to present to or deposit into, or cause another to
present to or deposit into, the credit card system for payment, a credit
card sales draft generated by a telemarketing transaction that is not the
result of a telemarketing credit card transaction between the cardholder
and the merchant;
(2) Any person to employ, solicit, or otherwise cause a merchant or an
employee, representative, or agent of the merchant, to present to or
deposit into the credit card system for payment, a credit card sales
draft generated by a telemarketing transaction that is not the result of
a telemarketing credit card transaction between the cardholder and the
merchant; or
(3) Any person to obtain access to the credit card system through the
use of a business relationship or an affiliation with a merchant, when
such access is not authorized by the merchant agreement or the applicable
credit card system.
' 310.4 Abusive telemarketing acts or practices.
(a) Abusive conduct generally. It is an abusive telemarketing act or
practice and a violation of this Rule for any seller or telemarketer to
engage in the following conduct:
(1) Threats, intimidation, or the use of profane or obscene language;
(2) Requesting or receiving payment of any fee or consideration for
goods or services represented to remove derogatory information from, or
improve, a person's credit history, credit record, or credit rating
until:
(i) The time frame in which the seller has represented all of the goods
or services will be provided to that person has expired; and
(ii) The seller has provided the person with documentation in the form
of a consumer report from a consumer reporting agency demonstrating that
the promised results have been achieved, such report having been issued
more than six months after the results were achieved. Nothing in this
Rule should be construed to affect the requirement in the Fair Credit
Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. 1681, that a consumer report may only be
obtained for a specified permissible purpose;
(3) Requesting or receiving payment of any fee or consideration from a
person, for goods or services represented to recover or otherwise assist
in the return of money or any other item of value paid for by, or
promised to, that person in a previous telemarketing transaction, until
seven (7) business days after such money or other item is delivered to
that person. This provision shall not apply to goods or services provided
to a person by a licensed attorney; or
(4) Requesting or receiving payment of any fee or consideration in
advance of obtaining a loan or other extension of credit when the seller
or telemarketer has guaranteed or represented a high likelihood of
success in obtaining or arranging a loan or other extension of credit for
a person.
(b) Pattern of calls. (1) It is an abusive telemarketing act or practice
and a violation of this Rule for a telemarketer to engage in, or for a
seller to cause a telemarketer to engage in, the following conduct:
(i) Causing any telephone to ring, or engaging any person in telephone
conversation, repeatedly or continuously with intent to annoy, abuse, or
harass any person at the called number; or
(ii) Initiating an outbound telephone call to a person when that person
previously has stated that he or she does not wish to receive an outbound
telephone call made by or on behalf of the seller whose goods or services
are being offered.
(2) A seller or telemarketer will not be liable for violating ' 310.
4(b)(1)(ii) if:
(i) It has established and implemented written procedures to comply with
' 310.4(b)(1)(ii);
(ii) It has trained its personnel in the procedures established pursuant
to ' 310.4(b)(2)(i);
(iii) The seller, or the telemarketer acting on behalf of the seller,
has maintained and recorded lists of persons who may not be contacted, in
compliance with ' 310.4(b)(1)(ii); and
(iv) Any subsequent call is the result of error.
(c) Calling time restrictions. Without the prior consent of a person, it
is an abusive telemarketing act or practice and a violation of this Rule
for a telemarketer to engage in outbound telephone calls to a person's
residence at any time other than between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. local
time at the called person's location.
(d) Required oral disclosures. It is an abusive telemarketing act or
practice and a violation of this Rule for a telemarketer in an outbound
telephone call to fail to disclose promptly and in a clear and
conspicuous manner to the person receiving the call, the following
information:
(1) The identity of the seller;
(2) That the purpose of the call is to sell goods or services;
(3) The nature of the goods or services; and
(4) That no purchase or payment is necessary to be able to win a prize
or participate in a prize promotion if a prize promotion is offered. This
disclosure must be made before or in conjunction with the description of
the prize to the person called. If requested by that person, the
telemarketer must disclose the no-purchase/no-payment entry method for
the prize promotion.
' 310.5 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Any seller or telemarketer shall keep, for a period of 24 months
from the date the record is produced, the following records relating to
its telemarketing activities:
(1) All substantially different advertising, brochures, telemarketing
scripts, and promotional materials;
(2) The name and last known address of each prize recipient and the
prize awarded for prizes that are represented, directly or by implication,
to have a value of $25.00 or more;
(3) The name and last known address of each customer, the goods or
services purchased, the date such goods or services were shipped or
provided, and the amount paid by the customer for the goods or services;
[3]
(4) The name, any fictitious name used, the last known home address and
telephone number, and the job title(s) for all current and former
employees directly involved in telephone sales; provided, however, that
if the seller or telemarketer permits fictitious names to be used by
employees, each fictitious name must be traceable to only one specific
employee; and
(5) All verifiable authorizations required to be provided or received
under this Rule.
(b) A seller or telemarketer may keep the records required by ' 310.5(a)
in any form, and in the manner, format, or place as they keep such
records in the ordinary course of business. Failure to keep all records
required by ' 310.5(a) shall be a violation of this Rule.
(c) The seller and the telemarketer calling on behalf of the seller may,
by written agreement, allocate responsibility between themselves for the
recordkeeping required by this Section. When a seller and telemarketer
have entered into such an agreement, the terms of that agreement shall
govern, and the seller or telemarketer, as the case may be, need not keep
records that duplicate those of the other. If the agreement is unclear as
to who must maintain any required record(s), or if no such agreement
exists, the seller shall be responsible for complying with ' 310.5(a)(1)-
(3) and (5); the telemarketer shall be responsible for complying with '
310.5(a)(4).
(d) In the event of any dissolution or termination of the seller's or
telemarketer's business, the principal of that seller or telemarketer
shall maintain all records as required under this Section. In the event
of any sale, assignment, or other change in ownership of the seller's or
telemarketer's business, the successor business shall maintain all
records required under this Section.
' 310.6 Exemptions.
The following acts or practices are exempt from this Rule:
(a) The sale of pay-per-call services subject to the Commission's "Trade
Regulation Rule Pursuant to the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute
Resolution Act of 1992," 16 CFR Part 308;
(b) The sale of franchises subject to the Commission's Rule entitled
"Disclosure Requirements and Prohibitions Concerning Franchising and
Business Opportunity Ventures," 16 CFR Part 436;
(c) Telephone calls in which the sale of goods or services is not
completed, and payment or authorization of payment is not required, until
after a face-to-face sales presentation by the seller;
(d) Telephone calls initiated by a customer that are not the result of
any solicitation by a seller or telemarketer;
(e) Telephone calls initiated by a customer in response to an
advertisement through any media, other than direct mail solicitations;
provided, however, that this exemption does not apply to calls initiated
by a customer in response to an advertisement relating to investment
opportunities, goods or services described in ' 310.4(a)(2) or (3), or
advertisements that guarantee or represent a high likelihood of success
in obtaining or arranging for extensions of credit, if payment of a fee
is required in advance of obtaining the extension of credit;
(f) Telephone calls initiated by a customer in response to a direct mail
solicitation that clearly, conspicuously, and truthfully discloses all
material information listed in ' 310.3(a)(1) of this Rule for any item
offered in the direct mail solicitation; provided, however, that this
exemption does not apply to calls initiated by a customer in response to
a direct mail solicitation relating to prize promotions, investment
opportunities, goods or services described in ' 310.4(a)(2) or (3), or
direct mail solicitations that guarantee or represent a high likelihood
of success in obtaining or arranging for extensions of credit, if payment
of a fee is required in advance of obtaining the extension of credit;
and
(g) Telephone calls between a telemarketer and any business, except
calls involving the retail sale of nondurable office or cleaning supplies;
provided, however, that ' 310.5 of this Rule shall not apply to sellers
or telemarketers of nondurable office or cleaning supplies.
' 310.7 Actions by States and private persons.
(a) Any attorney general or other officer of a State authorized by the
State to bring an action under the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and
Abuse Prevention Act, and any private person who brings an action under
that Act, shall serve written notice of its action on the Commission, if
feasible, prior to its initiating an action under this Rule. The notice
shall be sent to the Office of the Director, Bureau of Consumer
Protection, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, D.C. 20580, and shall
include a copy of the State's or private person's complaint and any other
pleadings to be filed with the court. If prior notice is not feasible,
the State or private person shall serve the Commission with the required
notice immediately upon instituting its action.
(b) Nothing contained in this Section shall prohibit any attorney
general or other authorized State official from proceeding in State court
on the basis of an alleged violation of any civil or criminal statute of
such State.
' 310.8 Severability.
The provisions of this Rule are separate and severable from one another.
If any provision is stayed or determined to be invalid, it is the
Commission's intention that the remaining provisions shall continue in
effect.
By direction of the Commission.
Donald S. Clark
Secretary
Footnotes:
1. When a seller or telemarketer uses, or directs a customer to use, a
courier to transport payment, the seller or telemarketer must make the
disclosures required by ' 310.3(a)(1) before sending a courier to pick up
payment or authorization for payment, or directing a customer to have a
courier pick up payment or authorizaiton for payment.
2. For offers of consumer credit products subject to the Truth in
Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq., and Regulation Z, 12 CFR 226,
compliance with the disclosure requirements under the Truth in Lending
Act, and Regulation Z, shall constitute compliance with ' 310.3(a)(1)(i)
of this Rule.
3. For offers of consumer credit products subject to the Truth in
Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq., and Regulation Z, 12 CFR 226,
compliance with the recordkeeping requirements under the Truth in Lending
Act, and Regulation Z, shall consitute compliance with ' 310.5(a)(3) of
this Rule.
Please send comments to: webmaster@ftc.gov
Rev. August 17, 1995
geh
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From: "Prof. L. P. Levine" <levine@blatz.cs.uwm.edu>
Date: 11 Aug 1995 09:39:43 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Info on CPD [unchanged since 08/01/95]
Organization: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
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---------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
Leonard P. Levine | Moderator of: Computer Privacy Digest
Professor of Computer Science | and comp.society.privacy
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee | Post: comp-privacy@uwm.edu
Box 784, Milwaukee WI 53201 | Information: comp-privacy-request@uwm.edu
| Gopher: gopher.cs.uwm.edu
levine@cs.uwm.edu | Mosaic: gopher://gopher.cs.uwm.edu
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End of Computer Privacy Digest V7 #023
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