This is Part Two in the history of FidoNet. It
turned out that the original FIDOHIST.DOC (now called
FIDOHIST.DC1, or just "Part One") was useful, and many
people read it. Unfortunately, by the time everyone read it,
it became totally obsolete. Oh well. Here is Part Two.

 FIDOHIST.DOC covered the early history of FidoNet,
why it was done, how it was done, and the reasons for the
organization and obscure rituals surrounding node numbers.
If you havent read it yet, I suggest you do now, because
I'll probably refer to things that won't make any sense
otherwise. 

   The original FidoNet was organized very simply; each
FidoNet system (each node) had a number that served like a
phone number, uniquely identifying it. The NODELIST,
generated by the folks in St. Louis that had all FidoNet
nodes in it, contains information on all known FidoNet
systems. Every system in FidoNet had a current copy of the
NODELIST, which served as the directory of systems.

   (In the interests of brevity I'm leaving out huge
amounts of information; I hope you have read FIODHIST.DOC by
now ...)

   FidoNet has been growing steadily since it started
by accident in May 84 or so. The node list continued to get
out of hand; the original FIDOHIST.DOC was written to try
and help smooth things out. It is impossible to
overemphasize the amount of work involved in keeping the
node list accurate. Basically, the guys in St. Louis were
keeping track of hundreds of FidoNet systems in Boston, Los
Angeles, London, Stockholm and Sweden, and publishing the
results weekly. There has never been such a comprehensive
and accurate list of bulletin board systems generated.


       We talked for many months as to how we could
possibly find a solution to the many problems; it was at the
point where if a solution was not found in a few months (by
Aug. 85 or so) that FidoNet would collapse due to the sheer
weight of it's node list. 

    The newsletter, FidoNews, was, and still is, an
integral part of the process of FidoNet. FidoNews is the
only thing that unites all FidoNet sysops consistently;
please keep up to date on it, and stock it for your users if
you have the disk space. And contribute if you can!

       There were many constraints on the kind of things we
could do; we had no money, so it had to be done for zero
cost. Centralization was out, so obviously localization was
in; just how to do it was a total unknown. We thought of
going back to having people in different areas handle new
node requests in their area, but that always generated
confusion as to who a person should go to, how to avoide
having someone requesting a node number from different
people simultaneously, etc etc. 

        The old method of routing was very different than
the current method, and much more complex; instead of Fido
automatically routing to hosts, each sysop had to specify
(via the ROUTE.BBS file) how all routing was done in the
system. The was done originally by hand, later by John
Warren's (102/31) NODELIST program.

     Then of course there was the problem that no matter
what we did, it would not be done overnight. (ha ha.) It
would take many weeks at the least, possibly months, so that
whatever we did had to be compatible with the old method as
well.

     We went through probably hundreds of ideas in the
next few months, some possibly useful, some insane.
Eventually the insanity boiled down to a pretty workable
system. We chatted by FidoNet and by voice telephone.
Eventually, we settled on the two part number scheme, like
the phone company does with area codes and exchanges. It
accomodated backwards compatibility (you can keep your
present node number) and the new "area code" (net number)
could be added into an existing field that had been set to
zero. (This is why everyone was originally part of net #1).


 When a fortunate set of circumstances was to bring
Ezra Shapiro and me to St. Louis to speak to the McDonnell
Douglas Recreational Computer Club on XXXX 11th, we planned
ahead for a national FidoNet sysops meeting that weekend.
Ken and Sally Kaplan were kind enough to tolerate having all
of us in their living room.

   The people who showed up were (need that list) The
meeting lasted ten continuous hours; it was the most
productive meeting I (and most others) had attended. When we
were done, we had basically the whole thing layed out in
every detail.

     We stuck with the area code business (now known as
net and region numbers) and worked out how to break things
up into regions and nets. It was just one of those rare but
fortunate events; during the morning things went "normally",
but in the afternoon solutions fell into place one by one,
so that by late afternoon we had the entire picture laid out
in black and white. Two or three months of brainstorming
just flowed smoothly into place in one afternoon ...

 What we had done was exactly what we have now,
though we changed the name of "Admin" to "Region", and added
the "alternate" node and net numbers. (We still seem to be
stuck with that terrible and inaccurate word, "manager". Any
ideas?) I previously had a buggy test hack running using
area codes, and the week after the meeting it was made to
conform to what we had talked about that Saturday.

     When version 10C was done, it accomplished more or
less everything we wanted, but it sure did take a long time.
10C was probably the single largest change ever made to
Fido/FidoNet, and the most thoroughly tested version. At
10M, there are STILL bugs left from that early version, in
spite of the testing.

      Once the testing got serious, and it looked like we
had a shippable version, St. Louis froze the node list, and
started slicing it into pieces, to give to the soon-to-be
net and region managers. (That word again.) This caused a
tremendous amount of trouble for would-be sysops; not only
was it difficult enough to figure out how on earth to get a
node number, once they did they were told node numbers
weren't being given out just yet. Explaining why was even
harder, since FIDOHIST.DC2 (ahem) wasn't written yet. (I
have to agree, this thing is a little bit late) It was a
typical case of those who already knew were informaed
constantly of updates, but thse in the dark had a hard time.
Things were published fairly regularly (am I remembering
"conveniently" or "accurately" on this part?) 


     Eventually, 10C was released, and seemed to work
fairly well, ignoring all the small scale disasters due to
bugs, etc. We couldn't just swap over to the new area code
business until very close to 100% of all Fidos were using
the new version. This was (for me) an excruciating period,
basically a "hurry up and wait" situation. There had not
been a node list release for a month or two, and for all
practical purposes it looked like FidoNet had halted ...

       Finally, on June 12th, we all swapped over to the
new system; that afternoon, sysops were to set their net
number (it had been "1" for backwards compatibility), copy
in the new node list issued just for this occasion, and go.
I assumed the result was going to be perpetual chaos,
bringing about the collapse of FidoNet. Almost the exact
opposite was true; things went very smoothly (yes, there
were problems, but when you consider that FidoNet consists
of microcomputers owned by almost 300 people who had never
even talked to each other ...)

     Within a month or so,just about every Fido had
swapped over to the area code, or net/node architecture.
With a few exceptions, things went very smoothly. No one was
more suprised than pessimistic I. At this time, August, I
don't think there is a single system still using the old
node number method.

    This is all well and fine as far as the software
goes, but it made a mess for new sysops. For us sysops who
have been around for a while, there was no great problem, as
we saw the changes happen one by one. However, new sysops
frequently came out of the blue; armed with a diskette full
of code, they attempted to set up a FidoNet node.

       Actually, I don't understand how anyone does it. The
information needed is not recorded in any place that a non
sysop could find. On top of that, most of it is now totally
wrong! If you follow the original instructions, it said
"call Fido #1 ..." if you found a real antique, or "call
Fido #51 ..." if it is more current. Of course now it tells
you to find your region manager. "Region manager???" Well, a
list of region managers was published in FidoNews, but
unless you read FidoNews, how does anyone ever find out?
I'll probably never know.


  ANYWAYS ... the original reason for all the changes
was to DECENTRALIZE FidoNet. It just wasn't possible for Ken
Kaplan to keep accurate, up to date information on every
Fido in the US and Europe. The decentralization has been
more or less a total success. The number of problem
sintroduced were negligable compared to the problems solved,
and even most new problems are by this time solved.

       It is interesting to note that with the hundreds of
systems there are today, the national FidoNet hour is less
crowded than it was when there were only 50 nodes.

 Please, keep in mind that no one has done anything
like this before, we are all winging it, and learning
(hopefully) as we go. Please be patient with problems, none
of us is paid to do this, and it is more and more work as
time goes on. Somehow it seems to all get done ...

       HOW TO GET A NODE NUMBER AND ALL THAT

20 August 1985

     This is by necessity a very general idea of how it's
done, and you were warned earlier that this may be obsolete
this very minute; with that, here's the "current" process
for starting up a new FidoNet node.

   You can of course skip all or part of this if you've
done this before; if you haven't, well, be prepared for a
lot of searching and asking questions. 


  Of course, you need to have your Fido BBS system
running first. It's probably best that you play with it for
a while, and get some experience with how it all works, and
whether you have the patience to run a BBS. It can get
exasperating, and you will never find time to use the
computer ever again.

     Obtain the most recent copy of the nodelist
possible; thi may take some searching. If you get totally
lost, you can always contact Fido 125/1 or Fido 100/51;
though these are very busy systems, they both usually have
the very latest of anything, and can direct you to the right
place.

   The big problem here is to find out if oyu are in a
net or not, and if not, then who your region manager is. If
you are in a lrge city (Los Angeles, Cincinnati, etc) then
there is probably a net in your area. Look through the node
list (use the N)odebook command in Fido, or a text editor)
for the right area code or city.

     If there is no net in your area, then you are part
of a region. This is a little harder, because regions are
large, and sometomes cover many states. Look at all the
regions in the node list, you should find a region that fits
you.

  Once you find this, you have to contact the net or
region manager to get your node number. Exactly how this is
done depends on who the manager is, and how sticky they are
fir details. A near universal requirement is that you send
your request via FidoNet, not by manully; this isn't done to
make you life difficult, but to ensure that your system is
really working right. IF you manage to get a FidoNet message
to the manager, its usually safe to assume that you're
system is working OK. If you get a reply in return, then you
know both directions work.

  It is usually each sysops' responsibility to go get
the latest nodelist and newsletters; they are not
distributed to all systems because of the expense. (Though,
I'm trying to get them distributed to more places than they
are now, it's sometimes very difficult to get a copy of the
nodelist!)

   Again, read the FidoNew newsletter regularly; it is
about the only way to stay in contact with the rest of the
net. Programs, problems, services, bugs and interesting
announcements can always be found there. FidoNews articles
don't come out of thin air; send in anythnig you think might
be of interest. They don't have to be lifetime masterpieces,
or even well written. 

    Please remember the entire network is made of the
sysops; there is no central location from which good things
come, the net consists entirely of the sysops and their
contributions. If you don't do it, chances are no one else
will!

                  Tom Jennings
                  20 Aug 85



Ken Kaplan             Fido 100/51     314/432-4129
Tom Jennings              Fido 125/1      415/864-1418
Ben Baker         Fido 100/10     314/234-1462



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