SAN MARINO
GEOGRAPHY
Total area: 60 km2; land area: 60 km2
Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundary: 39 km with Italy
Coastline: none--landlocked
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain: rugged mountains
Natural resources: building stones
Land use: arable land 17%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and
pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 83%
Environment: dominated by the Appenines
Note: landlocked; world's smallest republic; enclave of Italy
PEOPLE
Population: 23,264 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)
Birth rate: 8 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Net migration rate: 5 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 79 years female (1991)
Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1991)
Nationality: noun--Sanmarinese (sing. and pl.);
adjective--Sanmarinese
Ethnic divisions: Sanmarinese, Italian
Religion: Roman Catholic
Language: Italian
Literacy: 96% (male 96%, female 95%) age 14 and over can
read and write (1976)
Labor force: about 4,300
Organized labor: Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers
(affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated
General Federation of Labor, 1,400 members
GOVERNMENT
Long-form name: Republic of San Marino
Type: republic
Capital: San Marino
Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli,
singular--castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano,
Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Independence: 301 AD (by tradition)
Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of
the functions of a constitution
Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law
influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic,
3 September
Executive branch: two captains regent, Congress of State (cabinet);
real executive power is wielded by the secretary of state for foreign
affairs and the secretary of state for internal affairs
Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council (Consiglio
Grande e Generale)
Judicial branch: Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Leaders:
Co-Chiefs of State--Captain Regent Aldamiro BARTOLINI and
Captain Regent Ottaviano ROSSI (since 1 April 1990);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Gabriele GATTI (since July
1986)
Political parties and leaders:
Christian Democratic Party (DCS), Gabriele GATTI;
San Marino Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS) formerly San Marino
Communist Party (PCS), Gilberto GHIOTTI;
San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Remy GIACOMINI;
Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA;
San Marino Social Democratic Party (PSDS), Augusto CASALI;
San Marino Republican Party (PRS), Cristoforo BUSCARINI
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Elections:
Grand and General Council--last held 29 May 1988
(next to be held by May 1993);
results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(60 total) DCS 27, PCS 18, PSU 8, PSS 7
Communists: about 300 members
Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties
influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy
Member of: CE, CSCE, ICAO, ICFTU, ILO, IMF (observer), IOC, IOM
(observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: San Marino maintains honorary
Consulates General in Washington and New York, and an honorary Consulate
in Detroit;
US--no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence
(Italy) is accredited to San Marino; Consulate General at
Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci, 38, 50123 Firenze, Italy (mailing address is
APO New York 09019-0007); telephone 39 (55) 239-8276 through 8279 and
217-605
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue
with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a
wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS
(Liberty)
ECONOMY
Overview: More than 2 million tourists visit each year,
contributing about 60% to GDP. The sale of postage stamps to foreign
collectors is another important income producer. The manufacturing sector
employs nearly 40% of the labor force and agriculture less than 4%. The
per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to
northern Italy.
GDP: $393 million, per capita $17,000; real growth rate 2%
(1990 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1990)
Unemployment rate: 6.5% (1985)
Budget: revenues $99.2 million; expenditures $NA, including
capital expenditures of $NA (1983)
Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime,
wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide
variety of consumer manufactures
Imports: see Exports
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: supplied by Italy
Industries: wine, olive oil, cement, leather, textile, tourist
Agriculture: employs less than 4% of labor force; products--wheat,
grapes, corn, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs,
horses; depends on Italy for food imports
Economic aid: NA
Currency: Italian lira (plural--lire);
1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; also mints its own coins
Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January
1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987),
1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS
Highways: 104 km
Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 11,700 telephones;
stations--no AM, 20 FM, no TV; radio relay and cable links into Italian
networks; no communication satellite facilities
DEFENSE FORCES
Branches: public security or police force of less than 50 people
Manpower availability: all fit men ages 16-60 constitute a militia
that can serve as an army
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP