UGANDA
GEOGRAPHY
Total area: 236,040 km2; land area: 199,710 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries: 2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan
435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km
Coastline: none--landlocked
Maritime claims: none--landlocked
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December
to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 9%; meadows and
pastures 25%; forest and woodland 30%; other 13%; includes irrigated
NEGL%
Environment: straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil
erosion
Note: landlocked
PEOPLE
Population: 18,690,070 (July 1991), growth rate 3.7% (1991)
Birth rate: 51 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Infant mortality rate: 94 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 52 years female (1991)
Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1991)
Nationality: noun--Ugandan(s); adjective--Ugandan
Ethnic divisions: African 99%, European, Asian, Arab 1%
Religion: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,
rest indigenous beliefs
Language: English (official); Luganda and Swahili widely used;
other Bantu and Nilotic languages
Literacy: 48% (male 62%, female 35%) age 15 and over can
read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force: 4,500,000 (est.); subsistence agriculture 94%, wage
earners (est.) 6%; 50% of population of working age (1983)
Organized labor: 125,000 union members
GOVERNMENT
Long-form name: Republic of Uganda
Type: republic
Capital: Kampala
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern,
Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
Constitution: 8 September 1967, in process of constitutional
revision
Legal system: government plans to restore system based on English
common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Executive branch: president, prime minister, three deputy prime
ministers, Cabinet
Legislative branch: unicameral National Resistance Council
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since
NA January 1991);
Head of Government--Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA
January 1991)
Political parties and leaders: only party--National Resistance
Movement (NRM); note--the Uganda Patriotic Movement (UPM), Ugandan
People's Congress (UPC), Democratic Party (DP), and Conservative Party
(CP) are all proscribed from conducting public political activities
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Elections:
National Resistance Council--last held 11-28 February 1989
(next to be held after January 1995);
results--NRM is the only party;
seats--(278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected
without party affiliation
Other political parties or pressure groups:
Uganda People's Front (UPF),
Uganda People's Christian Democratic Army (UPCDA),
Ruwenzori Movement
Communists: possibly a few sympathizers
Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina
KATENTA-APULI; 5909 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20011; telephone (202)
726-7100 through 7102;
US--Ambassador James CARSON; Embassy at Parliament
Avenue, Kampala (mailing address is P. O. Box 7007, Kampala); telephone
256 (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
Flag: six equal horizonal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black,
yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts
a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side
ECONOMY
Overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including
fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper
and cobalt. The economy has been devastated by much political
instability, mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962,
keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income of about $300. (GDP remains
below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.)
Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over
80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts
for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government has
acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking
currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing
petroleum prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes
are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over
300% in 1987, and boosting production and export earnings.
GDP: $4.9 billion, per capita $290 (1988); real growth rate 6.1%
(1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 30% (FY90)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million,
including capital expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)
Exports: $273 million (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities--coffee 97%, cotton, tea;
partners--US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
Imports: $652 million (c.i.f., 1989);
commodities--petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods,
metals, transportation equipment, food;
partners--Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
External debt: $1.9 billion (1990 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 15.0% (1989 est.); accounts
for 5% of GDP
Electricity: 173,000 kW capacity; 312 million kWh produced,
18 kWh per capita (1989)
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Agriculture: accounts for 57% of GDP and 83% of labor force; cash
crops--coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops--cassava, potatoes, corn,
millet, pulses; livestock products--beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;
self-sufficient in food
Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $1.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million
Currency: Ugandan shilling (plural--shillings);
1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--563.18 (January
1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.09 (1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00
(1986), 6.72 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
Highways: 26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone,
gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks
Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake
George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water
ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria
Merchant marine: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 1,697 GRT
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft
Airports: 37 total, 28 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways;
1 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with
runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: fair system with radio relay and radio
communications stations; 61,600 telephones; stations--10 AM, no FM, 9 TV;
satellite communications ground stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1
Indian Ocean INTELSAT
DEFENSE FORCES
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
Manpower availability: males 15-49, about 3,980,637; about 2,162,241
fit for military service
Defense expenditures: $68 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
GEOGRAPHY
Total area: 83,600 km2; land area: 83,600 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries: 1,016 km total; Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 586 km,
Qatar 20 km
Coastline: 1,448 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: defined by bilateral boundaries or equidistant
line
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 3 nm (assumed), 12 nm for Ash Shariqah
(Sharjah)
Disputes: boundary with Qatar is in dispute; no defined boundary
with Saudi Arabia; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but
Administrative Line in far north; claims three islands in the Persian
Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu
Musa, Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye
Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb)
Climate: desert; cooler in eastern mountains
Terrain: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand
dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
Natural resources: crude oil and natural gas
Land use: arable land NEGL%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and
pastures 2%; forest and woodland NEGL%; other 98%; includes irrigated
NEGL%
Environment: frequent dust and sand storms; lack of natural
freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants;
desertification
Note: strategic location along southern approaches to
Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
PEOPLE
Population: 2,389,759 (July 1991), growth rate 5.7% (1991)
Birth rate: 30 births/1,000 population (1991)
Death rate: 3 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
Net migration rate: 30 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
Infant mortality rate: 23 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 74 years female (1991)
Total fertility rate: 4.9 children born/woman (1991)
Nationality: noun--Emirian(s), adjective--Emirian
Ethnic divisions: Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian
(fluctuating) 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East
Asians) 8%; less than 20% of the population are UAE citizens (1982)
Religion: Muslim 96% (Shia 16%); Christian, Hindu, and other
4%
Language: Arabic (official); Persian and English widely spoken in
major cities; Hindi, Urdu
Literacy: 68% (male 70%, female 63%) age 10 and over but definition
of literacy not available (1980)
Labor force: 580,000 (1986 est.); industry and commerce 85%,
agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%; 80% of labor force is foreign
Organized labor: trade unions are illegal
GOVERNMENT
Long-form name: United Arab Emirates (no short-form name);
abbreviated UAE
Type: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central
government and other powers reserved to member emirates
Capital: Abu Dhabi
Administrative divisions: 7 emirates (imarat,
singular--imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), Ajman, Al Fujayrah,
Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, Ras al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn
Independence: 2 December 1971 (from UK; formerly Trucial States)
Constitution: 2 December 1971 (provisional)
Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the UAE
Government and in several member shaykhdoms; Islamic law remains
influential
National holiday: National Day, 2 December (1971)
Executive branch: president, vice president, Supreme Council of
Rulers, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch: unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis
Watani Itihad)
Judicial branch: Union Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al NUHAYYAN,
(since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Dhabi;
Vice President Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990),
ruler of Dubayy;
Head of Government--Prime Minister Shaykh Maktum bin Rashid
al-MAKTUM (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy;
Deputy Prime Minister Sultan bin Zayid Al NUHAYYAN (since 20 November
1990)
Political parties and leaders: none
Suffrage: none
Elections: none
Communists: NA
Other political or pressure groups: a few small clandestine
groups are active
Member of: ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77,
GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAPEC,
OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Abdullah bin Zayid
Al NUHAYYAN; Chancery at Suite 740, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW,
Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 338-6500;
US--Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.; Embassy at Al-Sudan Street,
Abu Dhabi (mailing address is P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi); telephone 971
(2) 336691; there is a US Consulate General in Dubayy (Dubai)
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black
with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side
ECONOMY
Overview: The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's
highest incomes per capita outside the OECD nations. This wealth is based
on oil and gas, and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices
of those commodities. Since 1973, when petroleum prices shot up, the UAE
has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of
small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of
living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last
for over 100 years.
GDP: $27.3 billion, per capita $12,100; real growth rate 10%
(1989 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3-4% (1989 est.)
Unemployment rate: NEGL (1988)
Budget: revenues $3.8 billion; expenditures $3.7 billion,
including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)
Exports: $15.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities--crude oil 65%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish,
dates;
partners--US, EC, Japan
Imports: $9.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
commodities--food, consumer and capital goods;
partners--EC, Japan, US
External debt: $11.0 billion (December 1989 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate - 9.3% (1986)
Electricity: 5,773,000 kW capacity; 15,400 million kWh produced,
6,830 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries: petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction
materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling
Agriculture: accounts for 2% of GNP and 5% of labor force; cash
crop--dates; food products--vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs,
dairy, fish; only 25% self-sufficient in food
Economic aid: donor--pledged $9.1 billion in bilateral aid to less
developed countries (1979-89)
Currency: Emirian dirham (plural--dirhams);
1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils
Exchange rates: Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1--3.6710 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS
Highways: 2,000 km total; 1,800 km bituminous, 200 km gravel and
graded earth
Pipelines: 830 km crude oil; 870 km natural gas, including natural
gas liquids
Ports: Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina Jabal Ali,
Mina Khalid, Mina Rashid, Mina Saqr,
Mina Zayid
Merchant marine: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 925,424
GRT/1,543,716 DWT; includes 22 cargo, 8 container, 2 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 20 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 5 bulk
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft
Airports: 38 total, 35 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways;
7 with runways over 3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 5 with runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: adequate system of radio relay and coaxial
cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy; 386,600 telephones;
stations--8 AM, 3 FM, 12 TV; satellite communications ground
stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1
ARABSAT; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan;
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; radio relay to Saudi Arabia
DEFENSE FORCES
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Federal Police Force
Manpower availability: males 15-49, 940,130; 516,218 fit for
military service